Custom Essay A No-Cost Sample About Pandas Created by Top Writers

Custom Essay A No-Cost Sample About Pandas Created by Top Writers Elucidating Essay Example about Pandas How would anyone be able to not be enchanted by a Giant Panda? The high contrast bears are a national fortune of China, whose bamboo woodlands are their common natural surroundings, and all around perceived as the exemplification of adorable: A panda is not all that much or not exactly a plump, cushy bundle of tenderness, and on the off chance that we didn’t realize they were a genuine creature from a recognizable piece of the world, we would expect they originated from a similar spot where rainbows and unicorns are made. In antiquated China, warring armed forces even used to raise banners decorated with pictures of pandas when they needed to quit battling and examine their issues calmly. Private Writing offers proficient composing help with any sort of composing assignments in any field of information close by with the individual way to deal with each client. Our first rate client care is prepared to help you all day, every day. Submit a request and appreciate the outcome. It appears, nonetheless, that Mother Nature may have given the Giant Panda its endearing appearance as an incidental award to mostly compensate for the various attributes that make the panda sort of a developmental disappointment. The Giant Panda is in fact a serene animal, yet that is on the grounds that it basically doesn't have the vitality not to be. In contrast to different bears, which are omnivorous, the panda’s diet comprises exclusively of bamboo. A solitary panda requires a territory of around four square kilometers of bamboo to have an adequate gracefully of food, and it must go through 14 to 16 hours of every day eating that food so as to endure. The panda needs to invest such a large amount of its energy eating since it has a helpless stomach related framework. The panda just uses about 30% of the supplements from its eating routine; by examination, different herbivores, for example, deer use about 80%. The panda’s diet gives it one questionable ability: Pooping. Since a large portion of what it eats goes through the panda’s framework undigested, a grown-up panda creates an astounding measure of â€Å"number two† †as much as 62 kilograms for each day. The Giant Panda’s failure to utilize its food productively likewise keeps it from resting; the panda essentially can't gobble enough to develop the fat stores important to permit it to sleep through the winter like a â€Å"normal† bear. The eating routine additionally is mindful, a few researchers accept, for the panda’s bizarre conceptive example. Female pandas ovulate only one per year and are just ripe for a few days. Since pandas should exclusively keep up a huge region of the bamboo backwoods for their own food needs, experiences between pandas in the wild are moderately uncommon, and that incorporates open doors for mating. In the case of mating is effective, incubation takes from four to eight months; the wide time go is because of the female panda’s body deferring implantation of the treated egg until there is sufficient nourishment to help it. At that point once the panda fledgling is conceived, it has a fifty-fifty possibility of getting by to adulthood; panda offspring are simple prey for various predators, yet as a rule are slaughtered by being coincidentally squashed by their own moms. While the Giant Panda has been genuinely undermined by human movement, for example, poaching †which is treated as a grievous wrongdoing in China, deserving of a long jail sentence or even capital punishment †and demolition of its normal territory, the panda’s qualities that normally appear to neutralize its endurance have driven a few researchers to finish up it is a â€Å"remnant species†: One that is normally getting terminated all alone. In that sense, the way that pandas are simply so darned lovable might be a cunning developmental favorable position †incapable to get by in the wild, the Giant Panda is outfitted with a look and a character that has demonstrated powerful to the one animal categories with the capacity to beat nature for the panda’s extreme advantage. We trust that this illustrative paper test gave above will assist you with writing a splendid distinct exposition. In the event that you dont have the opportunity to compose a clear article all alone, don't hesitate to contact our paper scholars or submit a request.

Lifespan development free essay sample

Human turn of events  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Studying change and consistency all through the life expectancy. Fundamental Issues in Lifespan  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Continuous or broken?  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ One course of advancement or many?  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Nature or sustain? The Lifespan Perspective: A Balanced Perspective  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Development as long lasting.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Development as multidimensional and multidirectional.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Development as plastic.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Development as implanted in various setting:  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ age-evaluated impacts  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ history-evaluated impacts  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ nonnormative impacts Times of Development Pre-birth Origination to birth Early stages and toddlerhood Birth to 2 years Youth 2 to 6 years Center youth 6 to 11 years Youth 11 to 18 years Early adulthood 18 to 40 years Center adulthood 40 to 65 years Late adulthood 65 years to death Logical Beginnings  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Scientific investigation of human improvement goes back to the late nineteenth and mid twentieth century.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Charles Darwin (1809-1882)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Forefather of logical kid study.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Natural choice and natural selection.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The regularizing time frame  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) à ïÆ' originator of the kid study development and Arnold Gesell (1880-1961).  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Both were known on account of their standardizing way to deal with improvement. Logical Beginnings (cont.)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The psychological testing development  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Alfred Binet (1857-1911) à ïÆ' made a knowledge test which started enthusiasm for singular contrasts. Mid-Twentieth Century Theories  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ In the mid-twentieth century, human turn of events ventured into a real order. As it pulled in expanding interest, an assortment of speculations rose, each of which despite everything has supporters today:  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The psychoanalytic point of view  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ People travel through a progression of stages in which they go up against clashes between organic drives and social desires. The manner in which these contentions are settled decides the person’s capacity to learn, to coexist with others, and to adapt to uneasiness. Mid-Twentieth Century Theories (cont.)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The psychoanalytic point of view (cont.)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) à ïÆ' parts of character and psychosexual turn of events.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Erik Erikson (1902-1994) à ïÆ' psychosocial advancement.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Behaviorism  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ A methodology that sees legitimately noticeable occasions as the proper focal point of study.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Traditional behaviorism: John B. Watson (1878-1958) à ïÆ' old style molding and B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) à ïÆ' operant molding Freud s Three Parts of the Character nï  ® Id nï  ® nï  ® nï  ® Sense of self nï  ® nï  ® nï  ® Superego nï  ® biggest bit of the brain oblivious, present during childbirth wellspring of natural needs/wants cognizant, judicious piece of brain develops in early earliest stages diverts id driving forces acceptably the still, small voice creates from ages 3 to 6 from cooperations with parental figures Erikson s Psychosocial Stages Fundamental trust versus doubt Birth to 1 year Independence versus disgrace/question 1â€3 years Activity versus blame 3â€6 years Industry versus inadequacy 6â€11 years Character versus job disarray Youth Closeness versus separation Early adulthood Generativity versus stagnation Center adulthood Trustworthiness versus despair Late adulthood Behaviorism and Social Learning Old style molding Stimulusâ€response Operant molding Reinforcers and disciplines Social learning Demonstrating Mid-Twentieth Century Theories (cont.)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Behaviorism (cont.)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Social learning hypothesis: proposed by Albert Bandura à ïÆ' underlined on displaying, otherwise called impersonation or observational learning.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Cognitive-formative hypothesis  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Inspired by Jean Piaget à ïÆ' kids effectively develop information as they control and investigate their reality:  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Sensorimotor †birth to 2 yrs.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Preoperational †2 to 7 yrs.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Concrete operational †7 to 11 yrs.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Formal operational †11 yrs. onwards Late Theoretical Perspectives  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Information handling  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ A methodology that sees the human brain as a symbolmanipulating framework through which data streams.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Ethology and transformative formative brain science  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Ethology is worried about the versatile or endurance, estimation of conduct and its transformative history.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Evolutionary looks to comprehend the versatile estimation of specieswide psychological, passionate, and social abilities as those abilities change with age. Late Theoretical Perspectives (cont.)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Vygotsky’s sociocultural hypothesis  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ It centers around how culture †the qualities, convictions, customs, and abilities of a social gathering †is transmitted to the following ages.  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Social collaboration †helpful discoursed with increasingly educated citizenry †is important for kids to gain the perspectives and acting that made up a community’s culture. Late Theoretical Perspectives (cont.)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Ecological frameworks hypothesis  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) sees the individual as creating inside an intricate arrangement of relations influenced by numerous degrees of the general condition:  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Macrosystem  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Exosystem  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Mesosystem  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Microsystem Considering Development  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Common research strategies:  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Systematic perception à ïÆ' naturalistic and organized perceptions  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Self reports à ïÆ' clinical and organized meetings  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Clinical, or contextual analysis technique  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Methods for contemplating society à ïÆ' ethnography Contemplating Development (cont.)  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ General research plans:  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Correlational plan à ïÆ' relationship coefficient  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Experimental plan à ïÆ' IV/DV  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Modified trial structures à ïÆ' field explore/semi  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Designs for considering improvement:  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Longitudinal plan à ïÆ' same gathering at various occasions  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Cross-sectional structure à ïÆ' various gatherings at same time  ¤Ã¯â€š ¤Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Sequential structures à ïÆ' blended

The Position Lacanian Psychoanalytic Theory Allots to the Art Object Regarding Desire in Postmodernities

The Position Lacanian Psychoanalytic Theory Allots to the Art Object Regarding Desire in Postmodernities Lacanian Psychoanalytic Theory and Art Introduction Importance of the issue Appreciating bits of craftsmanship is an incredible joy as it gives us time for envisioning the customized significance of those items through our very own reflections of our personalities and brains. Once in a while, we attempt to locate the importance of what we see or hear with the assistance of our sense or instinctive inclination past the rationale and severe thinking to comprehend the photos or sculptures.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on The Position Lacanian Psychoanalytic Theory Allots to the Art Object Regarding Desire in Postmodernities explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The equivalent can be guaranteed about brain science and various speculations that are planned for clarifying human wants and oblivious goals. The view of workmanship items can be comprehended with the assistance of applying Lacanian psychoanalytic hypothesis to objects portrayed and the ma nner in which individuals for the most part comprehend those. As mental translation of contemporary workmanship proposes inexhaustible hotspots for appreciating our experience on craftsmanship, it is possoble to utilize Lacanian psychoanalytic hypothesis to comprehend the basic parts of postmodern fine arts as far as the idea of want. The connection between the idea of want as indicated by Jacques Lacan’s hypothesis and such perspectives as what is appeared, what is seen, and the method for recognition in the objects of workmanship are of the primary focal point of the present paper. Point and degree The present paper is planned for demonstrating the quantity of various clarifications that can be evoked by execution of Lacanian psychoanalytic hypothesis while watching and talking about the objects of workmanship, for example, blended media figures made in contemporary conditions with the assistance of current materials, strategies and techniques including postmodern inclinati ons. Specifically, inspecting the works structured by Louise Bourgeois including Arch of Hysteria (1993) and Cell (Eyes and Mirrors) (1989-1993) and Yayoi Kusama’s Infinity Mirror Room †Phalli’s Field (1965) and Narcissus Garden (1966) can exhibit the most noticeable highlights of Lacanian hypothesis in these craftsmanship objects with respect to want in postmodernities. The craftsmanship objects referenced above will be investigated in the present paper as per the Lacanian analysis hypothesis that incorporates such viewpoints as idea of mirror, phallocentrism, womanliness, and mirror as to want and psycho-sexual propensities. Hypothetical Background Lacanian Psychoanalytic Theory Lacanian psychoanalytic theory’s principle reason for existing is to inspire shrouded side of human brain, the oblivious, with the goal that individuals could clarify things that appear to be questionable or, despite what might be expected, self-evident. The quantity of clarificat ions of the oblivious want can change because of the foundation of each individual engaged with the procedure of conversation. For example, certain occasions, either antagonistic or constructive, in the life of an individual impact his/her view of self and individual want in various ways.Advertising Looking for coursework on workmanship? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Lacanian hypothesis of mirror stage as far as character advancement, the part of Narcissism is the common element of individual human want. â€Å"The reflect stage is likewise firmly identified with narcissism†1 as the Greek fantasy harps on the excellence of a youngster who went gaga for his own appearance in the water. â€Å"Lacan creates Freud’s idea by connecting it all the more unequivocally with its namesake, the fantasy of Narcissus†2. The perfect representation in youth serves to shape a mental self view that isn't re ally a mental self portrait, yet a perfect one of what we need to be, and, therefore, it serves to set a mental drive toward self-definition dependent on a fanciful structure constrained by the recognizable proof with outside social request. In this regard, Lacan’s hypothesis doesn't concentrate just on natural part of mirror phase of psycho-sexual turn of events; the mirror stage is recommended as the essential stage in the impression of an individual that assists with considering the genuine picture from oneself and from others. The extent of thoughts on the idea of mirrors can be introduced in a multivolume work while the principle thoughts can be found in the hypothesis of analysis set up by Jacques Lacan. In spite of the fact that Lacan’s hypothesis has demonstrated to be one of the most shrewd understandings within recent memory, a few pundits discovered clarification and investigation of specific ideas sexual orientation arranged and separating. For instance, Fr ench women's activists Julia Kristeva and Helen Cixous have contended about the objectivity of introduction of ideas of phallocentrism made by conspicuous scholars, savants, and clinicians Jacques Lacan and the individual affected by Lacan’s thoughts, Jacques Derrida. Female journalists scrutinized Lacanian hypothesis since it proposed absence of self in ladies making them penis-less animals denied of the sense of self and related more as a piece of the male pith. In this regard, Helene Cixous’s exposition ‘The giggle of the medusa’ is planned for talking about the impact of sexual orientation angles on social existence of individuals, craftsmanship items, and language specifically. The creator harps on the distinction between social ideas and sexual orientation perspectives that, as the creator claims, ought not be blended in with each other and with natural eccentricities of life.3 The more we attempt to tie the part of sex to different regions of human life, the less proper these ideas may turn into. Various issues with the view of either thought or object of craftsmanship can be the fundamental explanation behind treating the phallocentric ideas as those segregating gentility as an element of the sexual orientation. Julia Kristeva proposes the possibility of â€Å"drives [that] include pre-Oedipal semiotic functions†4; this announcement can be viewed as one of the most fitting thoughts for conversation as to want and drives during the time spent breaking down the objects of art.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on The Position Lacanian Psychoanalytic Theory Allots to the Art Object Regarding Desire in Postmodernities explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Phallocentrism is characterized here as immaterial laudatory on make sexual organ and conduct of male agents related with their demeanor to this organ too. In this regard, the longing identified with the objects of craftsmanship can be f ound in the issue of glorification of the male sexual organ. The more hypotheses attempt to move toward the idea of the mirror, the more thoughts show up during the time spent examination even on the least difficult wonders that didn't recommend that numerous clarifications of a particular term previously. In this regard, it is important to underscore that Lacanian psychoanalytic hypothesis is planned for inciting human considerations on various subjects as an individual who thinks about the recommended ideas would utilize those thoughts while breaking down the objects of craftsmanship. For example, Jacques Lacan presented an idea of mirror and clarification of the capacity of the unit I as recommended in psychoanalytic practice. His work â€Å"Mirror stage as developmental of the capacity of the I as uncovered in psychoanalytic experience† shows the inward stage that is recommended to break down as the underlying condition or a ‘mirror’ as the internal impressio n of all activities performed by an individual. This mirror is treated as a particular spot or an article utilized for examination of activities, conduct, and deeds by an individual; such a self-investigation and counter-investigation are utilized for connotation and counter-meaning of the self.5 This idea was not basically seen by female journalists Cixous and Kristeva in light of the fact that it was not treated as the one that is posted against the gentility, female ideas, and ladylike sexual orientation when all is said in done however the idea of mirrors assists with surveying the job of want in the examination of oneself. Want in Postmodernities Postmodernism is a development in workmanship and design that can be viewed as one of the most compelling patterns in twentieth century because of its effortlessness and complicatedness simultaneously. In spite of the fact that various styles in craftsmanship can be professed to have discovered their application in culture, postmodern development prominently affected the engineering and workmanship objects. As recommended by Tobin Siebers in his book Heterotopia: postmodern ideal world and the body politic, the postmodernities can be contrasted with want that can't be clarified and comprehended completely.6 On the other hand, it is important to follow the genuine significance of postmodern workmanship questions that can be sagaciously clarified utilizing mental examination speculations planned for clarifying human wants, fears, and intentions.Advertising Searching for coursework on craftsmanship? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The examination of oneself can be performed using mirrors that speak to the relations between what an individual needs to show and others need to see or can see. Moreover, as recommended by Jacques Lacan, the craving can be unmistakably comprehended after investigation of the body: Fragmented body is broke down as far as the wants and fears and the concealed aims behind the impression of various pieces of the human body.7 Most postmodernists are incredulous of the idea, ‘certainty’ or ‘authentic truth’ in light of the fact that the capacity, which means, and emblematic worth are changed in the specific circumstance or circumstance; the equivalent can be followed in therapy where everything about altogether inspected to follow the association between the longing and pictures typically reflected in the internal mirror. Despite the fact that each object of craftsmanship can be investigated in an alternate manner, there is various attributes that can be followed

The Columbia MBA Interview †A Fresh Lens

â€Å"Do I want this person in my network for the rest of my life?† In an Accepted-hosted QA session,  Emily French Thomas, Columbia MBA Admissions Director, provided the following  insight into the Columbia MBA application interview process: social and emotional IQ are key. Columbia interviews are conducted by alumni, and French emphasizes that for them, a strong current running alongside and beneath the conversation is that question at the start of this post: Do I want this person in my network for the rest of my life? Considerations like â€Å"Would I want to work with this person† and â€Å"Would I want to be on a team with this person† may be objective factors for evaluation, but such evaluation will always be formed in part by the interviewer’s subjective response to you, the interviewee. So, in the interview, pay attention to the person, to the vibe, and respond and adapt accordingly. It’s not a matter of becoming gregarious if you are reserved or vice versa – it is about connecting with the other person by being your authentic self. And this is important because both alumni and adcom are seeking students who will contribute to their program and their community; they’re invested. That raises one more point: they will be looking to see that you appear and behave professionally – even if the interviewer is around your same age and you meet at a cafe. By being professional, you are showing respect, and you are showing you belong. Of course, your alumni interviewer does greatly care what you say! The interviewer (and by extension the adcom) usually looks to learn whether you have a clear sense of what you want to do in your career. Using social IQ, listen carefully. â€Å"What is your career vision† is quite a different question than â€Å"So, what do you want to do right after graduating?† The former is more expansive and reflects interest in your hoped for longer-term impacts; the latter seeks practical, concrete information about your next career step after earning your MBA. Also, they often are interested not just in why you want to come to Columbia, but also in how you plan to take advantage of being in the Big Apple. Director French also discussed process. She noted that the interview is â€Å"one piece of the puzzle† – it’s helpful to see it that way, not as binary pass-you’re in, fail-you’re dinged. This mental framework encourages a more fluid give-and-take. Also, the interviewers do prepare a written report on the interview, which becomes part of that puzzle. If you would like professional guidance with your Columbia Business School MBA application, check out Accepted’s  MBA Application Package, which include advising, editing, interview coaching, and a resume edit for the CBS MBA application. For one-on-one interview prep, check out our Mock Interview Package. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '77fa7e01-484b-4f45-ac3c-9f7b83d0e528'); Cindy Tokumitsu has advised hundreds of successful applicants, helping them gain acceptance to top MBA and EMBA programs in her 20 years with Accepted. She would love to help you too. Want Cindy to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Perfect Answers to MBA Interview Questions, a free guide †¢ Ask Me Anything, a discussion with CBSs MBA Admissions Director Emily French Thomas, available for on-demand viewing †¢Ã‚  Columbia Business School MBA Essay Tips Deadlines

Process Involving The Sale Of Marketing Assets - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3074 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? 1.1 Introduction This coursework will consider the topics of stakeholder expectations, project constraints, time, quality and cost, due diligence and the use of consultancy expertise in the wider context of analyzing how a project manager approaches the â€Å"define and design stages† of a major merger and acquisition process involving the sale of marketing assets. 1.1.2 Define and design stage The define and design stage of project management will be where the project goals, objectives and operational targets will be set out and agreed (Loosemore and Uher 2003 p. 136). These need to be integrated as every stage of the projects life cycle is anticipated (Harrison and Lock 2004 p. 201). The define and design stage requires discussion of factors that will determine key outcomes of the projects development. Factors such as the role of the project manager, the duties, responsibilities and powers of the project manager, the duties, responsibilities, and powers of key internal and external stakeholders, budgetary matters, cost issues, and quality issues are all very important to the define and design stage (Loosemore and Uher 2003 p. 136). As Harrison and Lock (2004 p. 201) state, the define and design stage in the context of contracts would, for example require the project manager to give a brief to an architect. Harrison and Lock (2004 p. 201) contend that the definition stag e can be evaluated successfully through the use and application of the â€Å"go, no go† test which will determine whether the project is on target at various stages of the define and design stage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Process Involving The Sale Of Marketing Assets" essay for you Create order 2.1 Stakeholder expectations in the define and design phase At the beginning of the define and design stage, the most important stakeholder, aside from the project manager will be the client. As Loosemore and Uher (2003 p. 136) state, it is essential for the project manager, and the client to communicate effectively during this key initial stage. Later, more stakeholders will join the â€Å"mix† for example the design leader, and or various sub-contractors (Harrison and Lock 2004 p. 201), so it is essential that firm objectives, and expectations are set out as a result of the initial consultation between project manager and client (Loosemore and Uher 2003 p. 136). Strategies that will assist the successful development of the expectations of the client and project manager during this key phase will include: (a) devising a statement of key duties and responsibilities; (b) agreeing the conditions of engagement of other stakeholders such as the design leader, if applicable, and the engagement of any external consultation; (c) dev ising and agreeing a planned, staged set of objectives; (d) devising and agreeing a project management plan; (e) agreement on an initial budget; (f) planning cost control, expenditures and contingencies. Initial communication between the project manager and the client will determine the success of these factors (Loosemore and Uher 2003 p. 136). It would be advisable to ensure that appropriate records are kept of communications, so for example email records, and records of informal discussions. What will be key will be a comprehensive record of what has been initially agreed in terms of what the expectations of the client are, and it is advisable that this is formally recorded in a written document. A key factor in the early stages of the design and define stage will be the role of the project manager (Harrison and Lock 2004 p. 201), which will need to be discussed, and set out clearly from the beginning of the define and design stages. As many management experts would surmi se, this is the area of the project that has the potential to lead to expensive litigation, and project delay (Loosemore and Uher 2003 p. 130, p. 131, p. 132, p. 133, p. 134 and p.135), so it is essential that the role of the project manager is clearly discussed, and agree from the beginning of the define and design stage. As the project develops, factors like change control, teamwork and evaluation are likely to become important. Overall, the project manager will be expected to formulate an appropriate change control strategy as the define and design stage unfolds. Fundamental to the change control strategy are processes of organizational communication, teamwork, evaluation and operation management, and these must be aligned to the key strategic objectives of the company (Meredith and Mantel (2006) p8; Newton, R. (2005) p 103-118; Wysocki (2009) p 39-47, 109-120). It may be useful to consider what the key stakeholder expectations will be in a newly formed corporate organizati on: employees will expect to be managed appropriately; managers will expect to be trained and supported in their roles; stakeholders will expect effective systems of communication and dissemination of information; investors may expect performance targets to be met or exceeded; shareholders will expect performance targets to be met or exceeded (Harold, K (2010) p 340 -346; Kelly, S. and Nokes, S. (2007) p 20- 25) and this is not an exhaustive list since it would be nearly impossible to extrapolate all of the stakeholder expectations that will emerge as the organization begins to form. Stakeholders will have to be identified as a first step in the define and design stage. Stakeholders including employees (existing and new), investors (existing and new), management and consumers all need to be communicated with appropriately during the define and design stage (Berkun, S (2008) p. 42-46; Field, K. (1998) p 88-107, p163-170; Hobbs, P (2009) p 18-28). It is suggested that the best mean s of managing such a significant matrix of communication channels is to use some means of electronic communication to support it. To this end, it is suggested that an internal intranet and an external internet site, or sites are used to support the communication process between, and with different stakeholder groups within, and external to the organization as a merged entity. As Cox, D. notes (2010, p. 170) appropriate identification and management of stakeholder expectations through effective communication increases the probability of project success. It is suggested that key processes such as procurement of contracts, recruitment, and appraisal will be much changed within the new entity that is required to be project managed. In light of these changes it is important to retain the efficacy of core functions within these processes (Meredith and Mantel (2006) p8; Newton, R. (2005) p 103-118; Wysocki (2009) p 39-47, 109-120). So, for example the procedure for conducting procuremen ts, recruitment, selection and appraisal may need to be re-negotiated and or re-defined within different sectors of the newly formed business organization, so that it can be implemented consistently. 2.2 Project constraints in the define and design phase Several project constraints are apparent in the early stages of this project. Of key significance is the role of the team (Berkun, S (2008) p. 42-46; Field, K. (1998) p 88-107, p163-170; Hobbs, P (2009) p 18-28). In the aftermath of a merger, existing teams may be changed considerably, and or require integration with other teams. This can lead to performance, and leadership issues. Changes will need to be executed smoothly, with appropriate planning and communication with key stakeholders in order to ease these potential issues. Selection and recruitment strategies may need to be re-formulated across the newly merged organization, and new managerial staff will require extensive training in processes that may be new to them as this will be important to reinforce any new managerial authority (Lock, D (2007); Maylor, H (2010) p 224). In the define and design stage, it is suggested that the most important thing a project manager can do initially is to consult with well-placed ind ividuals, such as existing teams, and managers in order to establish what the important issues are and how they should be approached: â€Å"Taking a proactive approach means fighting the instinct to delay consultation because it is still early days and you dont have all the answers yet or are worried about raising expectations. The reality, most likely, is that peoples expectations are already raised in some form or other, and that speculation about the project and the company is beginning to circulate. Early engagement provides a valuable opportunity to influence public perception and set a positive tone with stakeholders early on. Be clear upfront that there are still many uncertainties and unknowns, and use early interactions with stakeholders as a predictor of potential issues and risks, and to help generate ideas and alternative solutions on early design questions†¦.†¦..(International Finance Corporation (2007) pp. 5)†. One of the major risks that the projec t manager will have to consider will be the risk that a â€Å"them and us† culture might arise across the organization based on hostilities between existing and new stakeholders who are required to work together in the newly formed organization, causing disruption to the efficacy of the company as a whole (Harold, K (2010) p 340 -346; Kelly, S. and Nokes, S. (2007) p 20- 25). Additionally, such negative consequences of poorly managed change can impact on retention rates in the organization as a whole (Lock, D (2007); Maylor, H (2010) p225), and this might add additional problems to the transitional problems that might be anticipated already. Steps such as improved communication between employees and management will mitigate the risk of these types of employee motivation, and leadership problems (Lock, D (2007); Maylor, H (2010) p 232). Using electronic systems like an intranet, which communicates correct and up- to – date information will ensure that key messages are d elivered effectively to employees and other relevant stakeholders (Meredith and Mantel (2006) p8; Newton, R. (2005) p 103-118; Wysocki (2009) p 39-47, 109-120). Stakeholder engagement will also be key in the define and design stage: â€Å"Today, the term â€Å"stakeholder engagement† is emerging as a means of describing a broader, more inclusive, and continuous process between a company and those potentially impacted that encompasses a range of activities and approaches, and spans the entire life of a project. The change reflects broader changes in the business and financial worlds, which increasingly recognize the business and reputational risks that come from poor stakeholder relations, and place a growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility and transparency and reporting. In this context, good stakeholder relations are a prerequisite for good risk management†¦..(International Finance Corporation (2007) pp. 2)†. Appropriate consultation strategies will ensure that problems are anticipated, rather than dealt with when they crop up (Lock, D (2007); Maylor, H (2010) p 236). This delivers an important â€Å"head- start† to the project manager, and indeed to the organization as a whole. It is important to emphasize the importance therefore of early stakeholder engagement, and the basis of this will be effective communication and consultation strategies (Lock, D (2007) p 29 -39; Maylor, H (2010) p 219-225). As the define and design stage unfolds, the channels of communication that are required to be pursued are likely to become more and more complex as different stakeholders engage in the process. Loosemore and Uher (2003 p. 137) states that formal reporting strategies are helpful to control project constraints within the area of communication. This means that communication follows a more regimented mode, which places emphasis on formality, comprehensiveness and the importance of clarity as to the outcome of the communica tion process. 2.3 Time, quality and cost in the define and design phase Factors, such as time, quality and cost are matters that will likely dominate the initial stages of the define and design stage of the management of the project (Harrison and Lock 2004 p. 201). What is important to recognize is the fact that these are often fluid concepts, and they will be subject to change as to define and design stage of the project develops, and contingency must be made for these changes to be managed appropriately. The project manager will be responsible for the monitoring of the budget, and the determination of whether any contingencies need to be implemented. As is important in the early stages of the define and design stages of the project, expectations relative to time, quality and cost issues will need to be clearly defined, and agreed as they change, and so further formal discussions with the client are often advisable to ensure the avoidance of delay and uncertainty as the project develops. Time, quality and cost are important aspects of the merger and a cquisition process (Loosemore and Uher 2003 p. 130, p. 131, p. 132, p. 133, p. 134 and p.135). In several ways, these factors will underpin key objectives across the entire organization. As such it will be important to set time, quality and cost goals, and ensure that these are realistic, agreed in advance and based on consultation and consensus, where this is possible (Lock, D (2007) p 29; Maylor, H (2010)). Cox, D. (2010) suggests that cost control and schedule control are key factors in the management of time, quality and cost. Realistic project budgets should be set in advance, based on realistic information and projections. Additionally, the project budget will need to be monitored as the stakeholders involved move out of the define and design stage, and so the define and design stage should incorporate an appropriate system to ensure that cost control, quality control and cost monitoring, and quality monitoring are possible. The management of time, quality and cost in th e define and design stage may also require a system of performance reporting to be devised. As Cox (2010, p. 171) notes this involves periodically collecting data and comparing it with â€Å"baseline†, and â€Å"actual† data, perhaps drawn from the wider industry, or notional data that original projections were based upon. Performance reporting will allow for time, quality and cost issues to be flagged up at an early stage to notify key stakeholders whether, and what type of intervention may be required. 2.4 Due diligence in the define and design phase Due diligence is one of the most important issues facing management in the early stages of a merger and acquisition. It is one of the key risks that organizations can be exposed to during the process of merger and acquisition, since it exposes the new organization to a heightened risk of expensive litigation. In terms of a downstream oil company operation, one of the key challenges in this context will be communication with employees in the disparate structure of an oil company operation. Of course these risks can be mitigated by the project manager in the define and design stage. Accordingly, the project manager will need to gather key information on all existing employees so that risks can be evaluated in advance, and so that a plan of action can be set out, evaluated and implemented as the project moves out of the define and design stage (Lock, D (2007); Maylor, H (2010) p 219). Managers will need to be trained, and key information about employees will need to be gathered and managed electronically to ensure that appropriate, and thorough processes of due diligence can be carried out effectively. This information may be gathered by the project manager in the define and design stage, and the project manager could assess what the best training, and communication strategies will be for the newly merged organization. 2.5 The use of consultancy expertise in the define and design phase Consultancy expertise is expensive, particularly for an organization in transition as this one is. Additionally, the usefulness of consultancy expertise can be a very variable factor in terms of its contribution to the overall success of the company (Maylor, H (2010) p 222). In the define and design stage, the project manager can ensure that the use of consultancy expertise is well-planned and assessed in terms of its value to the organization as a whole. Consultancy input is something that is susceptible to evaluation, and thus the project manager in the define and design stage can devise an appropriate system of evaluation to ensure that cost expenditure on this type of external expertise is monitored, and that costs are justified (Lock, D (2007); Maylor, H (2010) p 227). 3.0 Coursework conclusion This coursework has considered the topics of stakeholder expectations, project constraints, time, quality and cost control, due diligence and the use of consultancy expertise from the point of view of the project manager in the define and design stage of a major process of merger and acquisition. The project manager, and the client are usually the key contenders at the beginning of the define and design stage. This is the point where communication is likely to be most critical, and clear, goals, boundaries, objectives, duties and responsibilities need to be set out. This is particularly key in the process of merger and acquisition which requires the management of numerous internal and external stakeholders engaged in the process in complex ways. It is advisable to ensure that early communication is approached in a comprehensive and formal manner, since this is likely to minimize the risk of project delay as the define and design stage develops and enters more critical executi on phases. It has been suggested that written communication is preferable in this phase, that formal reporting strategies should govern communication to a large degree, and that comprehensive records of discussions should be kept to ensure that what is agreed is explicit, and can be identified retrospectively. As the project develops into more advanced stages of the define and design stage the project manager should adopt a consultative approach to ensure that problems are identified in advance, and particularly in the case of a merger and acquisition process consultation should engage internal and external stakeholders. Additionally, the project manager will need to adopt strategies that will allow for appropriate progress, and performance monitoring. Additionally, it has been suggested that the project manager will need to devise and implement strategies to ensure appropriate leadership, training, selection, recruitment, procurement, organizational communication and stakeholder engagement. As such the project manager in the â€Å"define and design† stage will primarily be concerned with planning effective strategy in these areas and the mitigation of risks that are associated with change, and organizational transition. Bibliography Berkun, S. (2008) Making Things Happen: Mastering Project Management (Theory in Practice. Great Britain. O Reilly Media. Cox, D. (2010) Project Management for Instructional Designers. iUniverse. Bloomington, USA. Field, Keller, (1998) Project Management. Open University. London. Harrison, F. and Lock, D. (2004) Advanced Project Management: A Structured Approach. Aldershot and Burlington. Gower. Hobbs, P (2009) Project Management (Essential Managers). London. Dorling Kindersley Limited. Harold, Kerzner (2010) Project Management. New Jersey. John Wiley and Sons International Finance Corporation (2007) Stakeholder Engagement. Available at: https://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/attachmentsbytitle/p_stakeholderengagement_full/$file/ifc_stakeholderengagement.pdf Kelly,S. and Nokes,S (2007) The Definitive Guide to Project Management. Great Britain and USA. Pearson Publishing. Lock, D (2007) Project Management. Great Britain and USA. Gower Publishing Loosemore, M. and Uher, T. (20 03) Essentials of Construction Project Management. NSW. UNSW. Maylor, H (2010) Project Management. Great Britain. Prentice Hall Meredith and Mantel. ( 2006) Project Management: A Managerial Approach: A Managerial Approach. International Student Version. USA. John Wiley and Sons. Newton, R. (2005) Project Manager: Mastering the Art of Delivery in Project Management. London. Pearson Education. Wysocki. (2009) Effective Project Management: Traditional, Agile, Extreme. USA and Canada. Wiley Publishing

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A Look at Georgia OKeeffes Painting Black Cross Essay The artist was forty-one years old and already at the height of popular acclaim. Coffee found a new, dramatic world and painted Black Cross, New Mexico in the summer of the same year _ At first glance, the painting can be rather obtuse vivid such a definitive black cross blocking a beautiful sunrise; however, after spending some time With the painting, the canvas presents its story. Georgia Coffee had great admiration for the Catholic blanket spread about New Mexico and the abundant amount Of roses representing departed souls. This particular primitive cross was put together by four nails Which Coffee painted a slightly lighter color Of black, giving the cross an aesthetic beauty. Just beyond the black cross, she began her depiction of the distance to the infinite horizon with the contrasting power of white rolling grounds, nearly fluid-like. Within the human soul, there lies an innate desire for that infinite horizon. Upon seeing the ocean with no end or watching a tumble weed roll across the infinite plains of the Texas panhandle, he human soul is reunited with a feeling of freedom. Coffee understands this human desire, She paints the hills giving the eyes the freedom to reach for the infinite horizon and therefore, sets the soul on flight, but not too quickly. The dark, sort of ominous colors of the Southwests sleeping hills keep the soul at bay by enveloping mysterious dark hues of purple, red, green and orange. These true Southwest colors are painted in harmony with one of natures grandest performances, the sunrise. Her captivating colors seem to glow as the sunlight ones and shades ascend above the horizon, kindling warmth and comfort. Coffee manifests not only the finality of night with the brush of red just above the horizon, but also a new dawn with a precisely painted yellow stroke right before you come to the crosss definitive black. Although, this time, the eye does not sense ominous death, but instead, awakened beauty. Coffees imaginative creativity pushes the eye up past the black to the embrace of a nearly euphoric sky. The cross now looks out towards a hopeful ray Of yellows and light blues tit only the moon to remind us of the night that once was. In one painting, the skilled artist has mastered a respectful death as well as a faithful dawn just by harnessing the beautiful nuances of New Mexico enchanted lands and portraying them in paint strokes. Georgia Coffee most certainly introduced the captivating Southwest to a broader audience, especially that of the East. Her use of colors and contradicting subjects within a single piece of artwork gave sophisticated and modern realism a nudge towards actual storytelling.