Malaria Essay Example for Free

Malaria Essay Malaria is a disease caused by various protozoan species that belong to the genus Plasmodium, with Plasmodium falciparum predominating in Africa, New Guinea, and Haiti and Plasmodium vivax in Central America. The disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Malaria has been regarded as one of the most important among the parasitic diseases of humans; it is transmitted in about 107 countries globally with a total estimated population of 3 billion people. It was also documented to have caused 1-3 million deaths each year (Fauci, et al. , 2008). In the United States, Canada, Europe and Russia, malaria has already been eliminated. However, occasional local transmission after importation of malaria has still been documented in several southern and eastern areas of the United States and Europe. This indicates that although these countries are â€Å"malaria-free† there still exist continual danger to non-malarious countries to contact the disease (Fauci, et al. , 2008). Moreover, despite considerable efforts, the cases of malaria have surged in many parts of the tropics for the past decades. In addition to this resurgence, the problem of drug resistance of the parasite and insecticide resistance of the vectors is also increasing (Fauci, et al. , 2008; Hay, et al. , 2002). The hot climate in the tropics is implicated as one the reasons for the prevalence of malaria in these areas; the increased incidence of malaria also coincides with the increased mosquito breeding and transmission during the rainy season. An epidemic could also ensue following changes in environmental, economic, or social condition. For example, heavy rains following drought or migration of workers or refugees from a non-malarious region to an area with high transmission rate could increase the incidence of malaria in a particular area. More importantly, the capability to shoulder the economic and health burden of malaria determines the success of combating the disease. The breakdown in malaria control and prevention services can intensify epidemic conditions and would usually result to considerable mortality among all age groups (Fauci, et al. , 2008). Although there are promising new control and research initiatives globally, malaria remains to be what it has been for centuries past – a heavy burden on the tropical communities, a threat to non-endemic countries, and a danger to travelers (Fauci, et al. , 2008). This is the reason why community based public health intervention is still very important. Prevention through the use of chemoprophylaxis should be encouraged and that these drugs should be made accessible and available especially to areas of epidemics. Chemoprophylaxis drugs prevent the successful infection of Plasmodium and are usually taken before going to an area with known malaria epidemic (Fauci, et al. , 2008). Moreover, the utilization of insecticide-treated nets and insecticides should be promoted to decrease frequency of mosquito bites particularly in malarious areas. Indoor residual spraying should be employed to kill the Anopheles mosquitoes resting indoors and thereby controlling the vectors of malaria (Najera, Kouznetsov, Delacollette, 1998; Greenwood Mutabingwa, 2002). Community health workers should also be trained to enhance their ability to handle malaria cases. This would not only increase the chances of successful treatment but the survival of patients with malaria as well (Greenwood Mutabingwa, 2002). Finally, the value of personal protection and the serious implementation of ways to eradicate breeding grounds of vector mosquitoes should be instilled among the people. Personal protection includes avoidance of exposure to mosquitoes at their peak feeding time, which is usually during dusk and dawns; the use of insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin; and wearing of suitable clothing (Fauci, et al. , 2008). Public health education should be carried out to effectively communicate the gravity, urgency, and impact of malaria on the personal lives of the people.

Justice in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

The Question of Justice in Macbeth In the play Macbeth, many different major choices are brought forth to a certain character and the decision that is chosen affects the entire play. The results of these actions or decisions can be a positive or negative outcome towards the character. Does justice always prevail in the play Macbeth? If a character decides to commit a crime, will he/she be punished? If a character does a noble deed, will he/she be rewarded? As is represented in the play Macbeth, justice always prevails due to the guilty character's developing sense of remorse and/or the character receiving fair punishment. For every action there is a reaction and whatever the result is, it is meant to happen and it is just. The first malevolent decision chosen by Lady Macbeth and her husband Macbeth was to kill King Duncan. The death of Duncan would mean the birth of a new Macbeth, King Macbeth. Lady Macbeth decided to have her husband kill Duncan and said in Act I scene 5, "He croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan." (p.33) This quote says how the presence of Duncan would turn fatal once Macbeth kills him. Once Duncan is killed, Macbeth has second thoughts about the murder of Duncan and his conscience starts to kick in. His wife then puts his conscience at ease. The wife was being immoral by persuading Macbeth to kill Duncan and trying to soften the blow of Duncan's death by reassuring her husband that everything was going to be all right. Macbeth was being immoral by actually killing King Duncan. Macbeth is already starting to feel guilty, but Lady Macbeth seems not to be affected, as of now. The second malicious decision chosen by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth was to have Banquo and his sons killed. This would cancel out the possibility of Banquo's sons becoming kings. In Act III scene 1, Macbeth states that Banquo and his sons would be murdered by saying, "Banquo, thy soul's flight, if it find heaven, must find it out tonight." (p.91) The consequence of the decision to kill Banquo and his sons started when Macbeth felt more guilt and developed a worried conscience in the form of a vision of Banquo's ghost.

What a Brother Knows Essay

The Things a Brother Knows Essay There are many relationships throughout the book The Things a Brother Knows by Dana Reinhardt. Levi’s relationships vary throughout the book. Levi’s main relationships are with Boaz, Perl and Zim, along with Christina. Levi’s relationship with his brother Boaz seems rocky. There are quite a few ups and downs. When Boaz first arrives home, Boaz would not come out of his room. Levi could somewhat relate to how Boaz was feeling. Levi ended up letting Boaz use his laptop.Everything was going fine until Boaz found out that Levi was looking through his history. Later when Boaz finally leaves for his trip Levi gets worried about him and is curious on where he is going. A few days later Levi goes looking for him. Levi has a strong relationship with his two best friends Pearl and Zim. Pearl and Zim are both jealous of each other, because they both want to be Levi’s best friend. Yet Levi tries to treat them equal. Zim seems to always be there when Levi needs to talk about Boaz.When Levi told Zim that Boaz was lying about going hiking, Zim always tried to make positive comments. Pearl is also a supportive friend. On the trip to find Boaz Levi did not want to spend his money on a hotel because, he wanted his money to last him the whole trip, so Pearl ended up paying for the hotel. Levi has a somewhat close relationship with his brothers ex girlfriend Christina. Ever since Levi was younger he thought that Christina was good looking with a nice personality.When Boaz arrived home Christina had come to visit him. While she was waiting to talk to Boaz Christina and Levi had a close conversation. Later Levi ended up dreaming about Christina. Levi has many relationships in the book What a Brother Knows. Some of the relationships are good, but some of the relationships are rocky at times. Throughout the rest of the book I am sure most of Levi’s relationships with his brother Boaz, his friends Pearl and Zim, along with Boaz's ex girlfriend Christina will become stronger.

The Law Of The Music Business A Survey Of Significant...

Student’s Name†¨Professor’s Name†¨Course Title†¨Date Law in the Music Business:†¨A Survey of Significant Facets Music permeates our day to day lives. From our iPods and iPads, to elevators and trains, to the more obvious venues such as radio stations and bars, music has so seeped into the consciousness of contemporary society that it has become hard to imagine a life without it. As with any other crucial element in society, however, music in modern civilization has also been regulated by the long arm of the law. So much so that conflicts and controversies so often arise within the legal dimension of musical endeavor. In recent memory, much of the headlines in popular magazines have been devoted to these controversies. From Taylor Swift to†¦show more content†¦This is right is exactly what the Dominican singer Ramon Arias Vazquez enforced upon Colombian international pop sensation Shakira when he sued the latter for infringing on the copyright of his song â€Å"El Cata† (BBC News). A United States court has ruled th at Shakira’s song â€Å"Loca†, released as a single in the United Kingdom, broke copyright laws when it was copied off of â€Å"El Cata†. Shakira is thus guilty of copyright infringement and she must pay damages. Copyright infringement like that in Shakira’s case occurs when a song is copied, modified, or performed without authorization of the song owner or owners. If the owner – who in the present example is deemed by the law to be Ramon Arias Vazquez – did not authorize the use, and if no legal principle such as fair use permitted it, then the infringer can be sued for damages to the copyright owner. In this case, what could have been Shakira’s defense? For one, she could have proven that Ramon Vazquez did not suffer any damages. Copyright infringement greatly hinges on the fact of damages, and any owner who cannot prove damages can only seek a cease and desist action upon the suspected infringer. Another course of action Shakira could have taken would be to prove that Vazquez did not register his work with the copyright office. In any survey of UK law, it must be considered that there are a multitude of options that are made available to both plaintiff and defendant in a copyright infringement case. TheShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Job Tenure Among Hotel Managers7445 Words   |  30 Pagescom/loi/whrh20 Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Job Tenure among Hotel Managers Kara Wolfe Hyun Jeong Kim a a b Bradley University, Family and Consumer Sciences, Peoria, Illinois, USA b School of Hospitality Business Management, College of Business, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA Published online: 27 Feb 2013. 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