Child Sexual Abuse and Its Impact on The Developing Brain,...

1) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Gaskill, Richard L. and Perry, Bruce D. (2012) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment. Online. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118094822.ch2/pdf Annotated Bibliography: In this article, the author is making an argument that sexual abuse causes brain development problems in the long run. These children gain â€Å"a less ï ¬â€šexible state of equilibrium† (Gaskill 37). They then become poor socialized and have problems in regards to emotional and physical health. In order to these children, they need to be helped immediately,†¦show more content†¦It discusses the different ways to treat children. Not only that but it also argues that there are different forms of sexual abuse. This source does not compare to other sources that we have gather because this source explains various ways to treat children. In the other sources, i t discussed the outcomes of the abuse. The source is quite useful for our project. This source will fit perfectly with our research because in our project we will like to implement ways to treat sexual abuse. I believe this source will help us gather such information to add unto our project. 4) â€Å"Intervention Application for Self-Injury Following Childhood Sexual Abuse† Tangeman, Keegan R. and Shelby, Janine. (2012) â€Å"Intervention Application for Self-Injury Following Childhood Sexual Abuse†. Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment. Online. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118094822.ch19/pdf Annotated Bibliography: The article starts by defining what Type I and Type II mean in regards to traumas. Type I is when a person undergoes trauma in one specific event, however Type II is when a person goes through a long-term trauma with an unvaried amount of time. It also discusses the survival brain versus the learning brain, where the person has a survival brain is constantly surveying their environment scanningShow MoreRelatedIs The Cause Really Worth Fighting For?3566 Words   |  15 PagesNicole Kola Ms.Lagesse AP Eng. Annotated Bibliography 09/04/2015 Is the Cause Really Worth Fighting For? Over the centuries, fervent beliefs have caused many wars. Throughout history, differences between social propaganda have separated and formulated prejudiced ideas about different religions. All across the world, there are people, on all ranks of the social hierarchy, who are being deprived of their rights and are not being heard by their local governments, so they bear up arms and create subversiveRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesWoolls Basic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. Powell and Lynn Silipigni Connoway Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction

Supply Chain Management Paint Industry - 2389 Words

Supply Chain Management- Paint Industry By: Purvi Mehta Abstract The purpose of this paper is to outline the importance and benefits, paint industry can achieve through supply chain integration. These benefits are primarily in the area of achieving superior customer service and operating with lower working capital. A three level framework for achieving the integration has been proposed which is in the form of structural integration, process integration and performance integration. The paper also describes in detail the factors influencing paint industry working capital needs and how this integration mechanism allows the industry to exercise control over these factors. The framework has been described in the form of a case study in a†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. †¢ Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities and transportation to customers. Paint Industry: History of Paint and Colour Paint has been in use since prehistory. Evidence survives in early cave paintings and the ancient Chinese are considered to have brought its manufacture and use to a state of perfection tens of thousands of years ago; the painted decoration and hieroglyphics of the ancient Egyptians demonstrate later stunning examples. Paint is made up of a pigment, a binder to hold it together and appropriate thinners to make it easy to apply. Before the nineteenth century the word paint was only applied to oil-bound types; those bound with glue were called distemper. A vernacular alternative for farmhouses and cottages was lime wash or colour wash. Raw Materials A paint is composed of pigments, solvents, resins, and various additives. The pigments give the paint color; solvents make it easier to apply; resins help it dry; and additives serve as everything from fillers to antifungicidal agents. 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Nature vs Nurture Free Essays

Nature vs. Nurture essayPosted by admin as Essays Example essay on Nature vs Nurture: The natural characteristics of a person can either be quite similar or quite different to the unnatural characteristics of a person. The natural characteristics of a person are the traits that come from their parents; the ones that people are born with which are genetical. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature vs Nurture or any similar topic only for you Order Now These traits are developed biologically. The unnatural characteristics of a person, or the nurtured characteristics, are the traits that people develop themselves after they are born. The environment of a person’s life greatly determines their personality. The traits a person has that they weren’t born with are the traits that the environment has influenced on them. There are many traits that I have inherited naturally through genetics from my mom and dad. I can tell that my work ethic has been inherited from my dad because he is a very hard worker and I also strive to achieve my personal best. My mom tends to be very sensitive at times and concerned for other people’s feelings, which I know, I have inherited. I have also inherited my dad’s super mathematical skills and my mom’s artistic abilities. I can also tell that I have inherited a good sense of well being from my mom. There are also many behaviors that I have developed from the environment I grew up in. I have learned to respect all people from being influenced at school and by my parents. I’ve also been trained to be responsible of things such as doing my work. I learned that if I am not responsible and don’t do my work, then I must pay bad consequences. I have also learned from experiences that if I do what I am supposed to do, I may be rewarded for it. I have been influenced to do something that will benefit myself and be rewarded for good things done. My environment has influenced me in many ways to act upon certain things automatically. Things like looking both ways before crossing the street, or other things that appear to be common sense are learned from nurture. I believe that my personality is a combination of both nature and nurture. I think that I am probably more nurtured though. I have gone through many experiences in which I have learned different lessons. These lessons have taught me how to act in my life. I know that I am a very different person than my mom or my dad. I don’t have very much in common with either of them. Although we do share some of the same aspects, I feel that I am more different from them than alike. I have developed the majority of my social skills from my friends and not my parents. Most of my social life revolves around my friends, who have influenced me in a lot of the decisions I make and in the way I act. I don’t socialize with my parents nearly as much as I do with my peers. I don’t think I know my parents well enough to say if I am like them when they are around their friends or not though. My personality is also partly nature though because I find that I do think like my parents sometimes. Most of the time I find that I think more like my friends because I am around them a lot more. My parents and I share a lot of the same opinions too, and not just because I grew up thinking the same way they do. The nature and nurture of a person can vary greatly. Sometimes there are certain things that are hard to decide whether they are inherited or learned. I might share some qualities with my parents, but they could just be characteristics that I learned in my life that my parents also learned in their lives too and weren’t inherited. I believe that genes indicate the potential for one’s behavior and personality, and that the environment helps create the extent as to how that behavior is carried out. How to cite Nature vs Nurture, Essay examples Nature vs nurture Free Essays I was reading an article called â€Å"Nature Nurture In Psychology written by Saul Mcleod published by the website â€Å"psychologically. Org† In 2007 1 was deeply intrigued by the argument. Are the things we do in life coming from our surroundings or are we the way we are the day that we’re born? The article defines and answers all questions or curiosities we had about this subject and supports each and every one of them with psychological resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature vs nurture or any similar topic only for you Order Now As you read the article you start o realize and understand the meaning to the question and start to make your own opinions and assumptions. There is the question that we all want to know, but we couldn’t figured it out yet. So the question Is; what makes our personality nature or nurture? Every people answering this question differently, some people says nature Is making our personality, some people says nurture or some people says the both. I believe that the both things are making our lives, because we all have some skills from our parents that we can’t ignore. Also, things that we are seeing changing us too. For example I was trusting people that I just met, but when I get hurt from one of them it changed all my behavior, now it is so hard to trust someone for me. On the other hand, the video that I watch about twins showed me how nature can affects your personality. The twins were separated from birth and they met each other after 35 years and they realize that they have too many similarities this showed us how the nature is important for this question. Although, I would Like to give an example about homosexual people. I knew some homosexual people and I talked them about their sexual orientation then I realized hat there are two kinds of homosexuality. One of them Is about the nature; some people are Borneo to be a man but they actually have a women soul inside in that body, so they are becoming homosexual after while they realized that and it is so normal in this time. Also, I met some homosexuals that nurture made them as a gay person. When I talked some of them told me that they have 2-3 sisters and they grow up with them, and they told me growing with sisters might made them a gay person. Long story short, in this two different gay personally situation it is easy to understand hat the nature and nurture are both effecting our lives. In conclusion, as in the argument of nature vs. nurture it is hard to define an answer for this question. As I mention the video of twins showed us that nature is playing a big part to make our personality. Also, the homosexuality situational Is showing us that the nurture can change our behavior and personality as much as nature. How to cite Nature vs nurture, Papers Nature vs Nurture Free Essays Running Head : NATURE VERSUS NURTURE ? Nature versus Nurture (Name (University (Professor (Course /Subject )? Nature versus Nurture ? Before psychology and sociology have dealt on the behaviour of man , the ? dominant view concerning human behaviour was centered on the theory ? proposed by Charles Darwin . He explains that , human nature and human ? behaviour are all natural . By this , Darwin proposed that humans acted ? out of natural tendencies or instincts which are dictated by nature ? through â€Å"genetic make up ‘ as later discovered by Gregor Mendel . We will write a custom essay sample on Nature vs Nurture or any similar topic only for you Order Now ? However , this kind of thinking was later on rejected through the ? knowledge of the role of â€Å"nurture ‘ which is a shaping a persons ? behaviour or attitudes and perspectives through cultural context . This ? idea was first instituted by John Watson in his â€Å"behaviourism .? Later on , social scientist began to claim the importance of learned ? social behaviour . On the part of Freud , he developed the theory of ? psychoanalysis which relates biological factors with personality and ? behaviour . He claimed that humans have basic needs that are prompted by ? rives and urges , however , humans are also influenced by society . A ? three dimensional personality results from this , that which is consist ? of the id-which is basically biological needs and satisfaction , the ? conscious ego-the pleasure dimension and the superego-the cultural ? influence to the individual , which includes , morality . Piaget on the ? other hand develops a cognitive theory , in which he created stages of ? how persons know things . The first is through sensorimotor stage which ? consist of sensory perception , followed by the pre-operational , wherein ? anguage are learned through cultural contact , thirdly , the concrete ? operational wherein the person already learned to use logic and ? relationships and finally the formal operational , characterized by the ? ability to think hypothetically . Kohlberg have outlined his ideas with ? Piaget , however , he is more concerned with moral development . According ? to him , the first stage is comprised of pain and pleasure which is ? termed as preconventional stage it would then be followed by ? conventional stage in which there is already recognition of right and ? rong . The final stage is the post conventional stage in which there is ? a possibility to critique or find fault within the normal cultural ? thinking . Carol Gilligan , work with and improved Kohlberg ideas by ? incorporating gender with moral development . According to her , males and ? females creates moral judgments using different perspective males uses ? justice perspective which is deeply connected to societal rules and ? bias , while women uses â€Å"care and responsibility ‘ perspective which is ? ttached to personal damage and harm . Mead recognizes the impact of ? societal bias to the perspective of the â€Å"self ‘ of each individual ,? promoting the concept of a â€Å"looking glass ‘ in which the person is ? conscious about how others perceived the person . The concept of a ? subjective self and an objective â€Å"me ‘ suggest that a person sees ? himself as both independent and dependent to the society in which he ? belong . Lastly , Erikson believ es that personality develops throughout a ? persons ‘ lifetime . How to cite Nature vs Nurture, Papers Nature VS Nurture Free Essays The Nature versus Nurture argument is one both psychologists and sociologists have looked at and studied extensively to the degree that it has become one of the great debates in both fields of research. On one side Nature, the argument that It Is the genes of the parents that shape a person behavior, personality and even the persons well being to an extent, but the other argument is that is is Nurture not Nature that controls how a person turns out and that It Is how you are brought up that will shape the person. Both arguments have legitimacy and proof for their lams. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature VS Nurture or any similar topic only for you Order Now One thing that Is said to be shaped by these factors Is your aggression and control of your aggression, most people will have heard things Like â€Å"you have your fathers temper† this Is a common view throughout society that people Inherit their parents aggressive or passive behavior, this would back the theory that Nature Is the deciding factor and to back this it has been found that things like ADD which can cause people to act out in various ways is actually hereditary, this therefore helps prove the theory that nature is what shapes a person aggression. However there is people that do not inherit or even have conditions similar to this in the family then how do you explain people that have similar anger issues when they don’t have a medical condition, this is why people argue that it is not nature but nurture that is the reason for peoples personality including the anger, this is because most parents bring up their children in a similar way to their upbringings which could lead to similar issues with aggression. I think that Nurture is a key factor as it is found that people brought up around violence or shown violence as way to solve things will us it hen they would have seen it for example if a parent says that if you do X I will hit you then is that child sees another child doing X then they are likely to hit the person as that is how they was brought up and they see that as the norm. Another thing that is argued is whether someone has even been born a killer, there has been stories throughout history of how people have been born to kill people, this has been a common tale for places such as Sparta and even In England with the cells. Forever there is little modern evidence to support this theory but there Is an Incredible amount of evidence of people that have been brought up with death of relatives and close friends which have lead to them becoming accustomed to the feeling around them a great example of this Is Myra Handled Infamous for a series of murders known as the moors murders, wh ere five 10-17 year olds were killed and burled by Myra and her husband Ian Brady. Myra was brought up by an ex-military father with a harsh hand, When Handled was aged 8, a local boy approached her In the street and scratched both of her cheeks with his fingernails, drawing blood. She burst into tears and ran into her parents’ house, to be met by her father, who emended that she â€Å"Go and punch him [the boy], because if you don’t I’ll leather you! † Handled found the boy and succeeded in knocking him down with a sequence of punches, as her father had taught her. As she wrote later, â€Å"at eight years old I’d drowned in her local reservoir while swimming, to which she blamed herself. This is just another example of how nurture is what defines us. In Conclusion Nurture is in my opinion based on all the evidence I have gathered and studied, the deciding factor of what creates a personality. This shows that it is more your upbringing than your genes that shape a person’s character. How to cite Nature VS Nurture, Papers Nature vs Nurture Free Essays NATURE NURTURE l. Human development Is based in 2 assumptions A. Having the capacity to become a member of human society B. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature vs Nurture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Becoming a social being through Interaction II. Nature and Nurture A. Nature biological factors implies the contribution of heredity to the human being human potential determiner examples: height, weight, health B. Nurture social environment all things that influence affects our human potential examples: nutrition, emotional experiences, psychological experiences Ill. The effects of nature and nurture are Inseparable. A. There Is an Interaction that exists between the 2. Example: Intelligence Nature- inherited through genes (could either be musical, verbal, mathematical, etc. L one may have a complex mix Nurture-factors that may affect intelligence: diet, exercise, environment ‘V. Social Isolation- depriving human beings from social experience – through this we can see the crucial role of social experience to human development -Sociologist Kinsley Davis A. Sociable’s Case- a 6 yr. Old child, with rickets, was raised by her mute and deaf mother In her grandfather’s attic B. Anna’s Case- a child who was isolated and shut- off from her family V. Feral Children- untamed, savage, and wild – suffered from extreme social isolation -has lived away from human contact from a very young age -raised in the wild by wild animals – Richard P. Appellate and William J. Chemicals (1997) A. Genie’s Case- a child who was raised in near isolation for the first twelve years of her life B. Victor’s Case- a French feral child who spent his majority of childhood in the woods VI. Institutionalized Children- Rene Spits (1945) A. Compared the Infants In an orphanage with those In the In a women’s prison nurseries W. Harrow Study- â€Å"Monkey Love Experiment† by Harry Harrow (1 sass) A. Infants and intimacy than from their need for milk. B. Love is vital for normal childhood development. How to cite Nature vs Nurture, Papers Nature vs nurture Free Essays string(119) " parents that she did not want to see Dry Money again and that if they forced her to go then she would commit suicide\." Whereas nurture is the environment around us that can influence our upbringing and it is the society around us that affect the way we think or do certain things. It refers to a person’s childhood and how they were brought up and what they learn. Nature vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature vs nurture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nurture debate does not have a firm conclusion to say which one has more value as it is a debate that has been discussed between philosophers to identify which one has more influence in our lives. Some philosophers argue that the nature is most influential in our lives as it is part of our genetic makings, something that we cannot change even if we want to. Others argue that nurture is more influential as it determines our personality and our perspective of things, the way we view things. For example, a teenager wanting to be a doctor when they grow up is not part of our nature, it goes more towards nurture because it is the way we are brought up that influences our decisions in life. If a child had a parent who is a doctor and they watch their parent making people feel becoming well, then they might want to do the same as they might get fascinated by it. This decision that the child made to become a doctor is the doing of nurture because the child was influenced by what he saw around him. Nature on the other hand is nothing that can be fixed or change at any cost. For example, if a child was born with illness such as Cystic Fibrosis then this is something that they cannot recover from, they might get medication to help them survive but it is not something that they can get well from as it is part of their genetic making. Furthermore, some people argue that nurture has more influence in our lives because a serial killer does not become a murder because it is in his genes, but because they are influenced by what they see around them. Some philosophers claim that a person’s development is influenced by both nature and nurture. For example, if a person is born with blonde hair and blue eyes, this is something natural that they cannot change, however, if they live in a posh area, then their accent would be posh; this is something that is nurture is responsible for because the community a person lives in WOOL_SLD determines the accent they would have. Dry Money and the boy with no penis is the story of David Rimes who was turned in to a girl when he was baby due to his Penis being burned off during circumcision. When David was born he was called Bruce and his twin brother was called Brian. Dry John Money was a sexologist; he debates about sex changes operations on transsexual. When Brace’s penis was burned off, his parents Janet and Ron Rimes were very upset over and did not know what to do. When they found out about Dry Money, they finally found hope, knowing that he would be able to help their child. Dry Money believed that nurture can win out nature anytime. For example, he believed that a boy can be turned in to a girl and they would be able to live a happy normal life like every other person. When Brace’s parents contacted Dry Money, he found a way that he could prove his theory. He wanted to show the world that if a twin boy’s sex was changed and he was turned into a girl and treated like one, then that boy would be able to live a normal life as a girl. When he found about Bruce, he advised Bruce parents to treat him like a girl and not let her know that she was a boy. As Bruce did not have a penis, his parents thought that it was the perfect solutions for their son. Therefore, Brace’s sex Was changed and he was turned into a ‘she’ and was called Brenda. Brace’s twin brother Brian was rough up as a normal boy and he believed that he had a twin sister called Brenda. Brenda grew up believing she was a girl and her parents bought her pretty dresses to wear and dolls to play with. Everything was going smoothly and Brenda had regular visits with Dry Money to see how her life was going. Dry Money was convinced that his theory was working and that a child born as a boy can be turned in to a girl and lives a normal life and that nurture can win out nature. However, his theory was not really working because Brenda was not behaving like a girl, instead she did not like playing with dolls and wearing reuses. She became a tomboy and thought she was going crazy because she felt like a boy. She did not have any friends as girls did not want to play with her because she acted like a boy and boys did not want to play with her because she was a girl. Brenda was unhappy with her life. When she went to visit Dry Money again with Brian, he wanted her to understand the difference between a girl and a boy. He told her that girls have flat and boys have ‘sausage’. He wanted to convince Brenda so badly that he made both Brenda and Brian takes their clothes off and took pictures. He also tried to convince Brenda to have a vagina construction. Dry Money also introduced Brenda to a transsexual, who was born as interest (with both a vagina and a penis) and decided to become a female. Dry Money thought that the transsexual would be able to convince Brenda to go through the vagina construction. However, Brenda was very upset over it and run away from his office. When she went home she informed her parents that she did not want to see Dry Money again and that if they forced her to go then she would commit suicide. You read "Nature vs nurture" in category "Papers" Her parents were shocked over how Brenda was reacting and decided to stop sending her to see Dry Money. When Brenda turned 13 her parents could see how unhappy she was and that is when they decided to reveal the truth to the twins. When Brenda found out that she was a boy, she was very happy about it. However, her twin brother was not happy, instead he was very angry and upset to know that he was not the only boy in the family and to take his anger out he broke a window. On the other hand, Brenda decided to have an operation and get a penis and decided to call herself David. Now that he is a boy, David was very happy with his life. It seems that Dry Money theory about nurture winning out over nature was rang because it is clear that even though Brenda did not know she was a boy, she still felt like one and acted like a boy. She did not like things that girls like, this indicates that no matter how you are brought up, you cannot outrun the nature and you cannot change the way you are born. Therefore, it is nature can win nurture anytime because nature has more importance in a person’s life as it is something that is natural and not manmade. It can be clearly identified that even though David was brought up as a girl, deep inside he felt like a boy. His physical, emotional, social and intellectual development as affected because of it. Physically David did not like playing with dolls and wearing pretty dresses, instead he preferred to play video games and toy cars. Dry Money forced Brenda and her twin her brother Brian to take their clothes off and took picture of them. Intellectually Brenda thought she was going crazy because she felt like a boy and did not act like a girl. She wanted to commit suicide because she did not want to see Dry Money anymore. Due to the events happening in her life, Brenda was not doing so well in school. She was not able to concentrate in her school work and she was bullied by there children because Of the way she acted. When Brian found that Brenda was in fact a boy that his twin sister was a boy, he was very upset over it. Later on he developed schizophrenia and died. When David found out that he was a boy he was very happy about it as he thought he was going to crazy before because he did not feel like a girl. David felt lonely all lonely because he did not have any friends and he did not like visiting Dry Money as he felt uncomfortable with. David emotionally suffered from what had happened to him in the past and finally felt like he fit in once he found out that he was in fact a boy. David later on got married to Jane and was happy with her. When Jane asked to be have separate time away from David, he was upset about it and he did not have a job to support him. David felt overwhelmed with everything and committed suicide by shooting himself. Socially David always felt alone because he never really fit in as he did not have any friends to stay With. As he was depressed over his life, David did not like going out much. It can clearly be identified that in Dry Money was wrong about Nurture out being more significant than Nature as we can see that in Davit’s case nature overthrew nurture. It can be identified as David was born as a boy he always felt like a boy even though he was brought up like a girl and he was never even aware of his real gender. This is a perfect evidence to argue that nature can win out nurture anytime because no matter how David was brought up, his true feelings about himself and how he viewed the world was not false. His feelings could not be changed regardless of how or the way he was brought up. 18 years old Emily was born with Down syndrome and she attends public school with all the other people and she is doing well in her school work. SSH?s ridden pony from the age of four and takes part in the competition with everyone in the local riding club. Emily has a boyfriend and her own group of friends who she loves spending time with. She is now in college, finishing her A-levels and she also works. Having Down syndrome has affected Emil)/s physical, emotional and intellectual and social development. Email’s physical development has been affected by Down syndrome as her appearance is different from other individuals. Her nose has flat nasal bridge and she has a small mouth. Her eyes are smaller than other people in her Emily. When she talks her tongue gets in the way as it is bigger than average. Furthermore, her eyes are smaller normal people and her hands are small and fingers are broad. When Emily was born, her weight and length was below average. She is susceptible to illness; therefore, she is able to catch cold very quickly. Emily emotional development has also been affected by Down syndrome as she might find it difficult to cope and accept the fact that she is different from other children and that her physical appearances is also different from other peers or her sister. She might feel frustrated as she cannot do regular activities like normal people her age. Furthermore, she might also feel happy over the fact that she can spend time with her horses, looking after them make her feel proud of herself. Also Emily has a boyfriend which might make her feel good about herself, knowing that she has someone who loves her for who she is, having a boyfriend might also make her feel pretty and beautiful. Moreover, Emily also has a job which might also make her feel proud of herself as she can do regular job like other people and she would not feel left out. Although Emily might also feel alone and isolated from the rest of the world as she has difficulty talking, this might make her feel bad about herself. Emily seems happy with her life and she has a supportive mum who is always there for her so that might make her feel full and happy. Emily also attends college and has friends which may make her feel happy, knowing that she has people who care for her and are there for her. Although there might be days where she might wonder if people only stay with her and like her because they feel sorry for her due to her illness, or is it because they really like her as person. She might feel depressed and stressed out because of those thoughts. However, so far, Emily seems to be accepting her illness and feel positive towards life. The intellectual effect of Down syndrome in Email’s life is that she has no sense of danger like other people her age. For example, as her mum has explained, when Emily was young she did not know what danger was, I. E. , she would cross the road without waiting for the cars to stop and let her pass because she was not aware of harm as other children her age were. Emily suffers from learning disabilities, therefore, at school; she requires learning assistance as she has difficulty understanding school work. Furthermore, Emily has good knowledge of taking care of horses as she has her own pony that she regularly spends time with. Therefore, intellectually, she would be very good with looking after and caring for animals. Email’s life is socially very active as she has friends that she goes out and spends time with. She also has a boyfriend who she also spends time with by going on dates. Furthermore, as she likes riding horses, and has her own pony, she would most likely spend time with her horse every day. Also, she has a job; therefore, she would meet new people during her shifts, she would be able to socialize with them which would make her feel happy. Riding horse and looking after them helps Emily stay active and strong. Moreover, her parents meet up with other parents whose children also suffer from Down syndrome like Emily; therefore, she gets to meet with people that are like her. She would be able to open up to them and share her feels and spend time with them as they would be more understandable towards her due to the fact that they share the same illness as her. How to cite Nature vs nurture, Papers

Harvey Norman Intangible Assets Essay Example For Students

Harvey Norman Intangible Assets Essay TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract2 Introduction2 Business description and main activities3 Harvey Norman Resources5 Tangible Resources5 Profit from continuing and discontinued operations6 Profit from property6 Sales at franchises7 Sales at company-owned stores8 Intangible Resources8 Computer software and licence property8 Goodwill9 Harvey Norman Invisible Balance Sheet10 Internal Capital11 External Capital13 Individual Competence14 Recommendations15 Conclusion17 Appendix19 Appendix 119 References20 Abstract Harvey Norman is one of the biggest consumer electronic retailer in Australia (D Richard, 2010), well-known for its recognisable brand name and local community involvement, Harvey Norman had achieved steady growth since its establishment on 1982 with 195 stores nationwide and 69 stores outside Australia. The success of Harvey Norman can’t solely be attributed to its services performance as a retailer nor solely to its physical assets and property, this report will examine the structure and resources of Harvey Norman both physical and intangible with a focus on the latter, of importance are intangible resources that give competitive advantage from its individual competence, internal, and external capital, an invisible balance heet will also be derived to put these intangible resources in perspective. Following that a recommendation for Harvey Norman management will be presented on sustaining its competitive advantage and growth through the management of intangible. Introduction It has been far-known that a company’s financial annual report has limitation as it does not have a detailed explanation on the true value of company’s intangible assets and resources. Sveiby suggests that as external shareholders, investors are willing to know on the true worth of the company; not just based on its financial calculation, but more towards its know-how capital, employees’ intelligence and experiences, internal company’s structure, external relationships and more importantly, the company’s revenue-generating resources. Nevertheless, it is only ‘what’s on the surface’ that gets measured in the annual reports such as office furniture instead of the employees’ knowledge. This report was developed to provide insights on the management of tangible and intangible resources of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, with the latter being the more important highlight on this report. It will also provide details on the invisible balance sheet owned by the company by outlining some key invisible organisational resources. In the end, this report will offer recommendations to be implemented by the company to better manage its key intangible resources. By analysing and looking into these intangible resources, shareholders are in the hope to look for signals beyond the financial annual report and are to be given true indicators on the company and its staff’s production capability, stability, know-how capital and profit potential, on which their decision to sell or keep their shares are based on. Business description and main activities Harvey Norman Holdings Limited is a franchisor and an Australian public company, which has expanded internationally, including New Zealand, Ireland, Singapore, Malaysia and Slovenia (Annual Reports 2009). According to 2009 Insider Retailing article, the company is now ranked third on the Australia’s top 10 retailers and is the leading non-food retail chain in Australia. Within its franchising system, the company offers extensive products range, cutting edge technology, and market leadership in most product categories. Harvey Norman Holdings Limited grants franchises to independent business operators under three leading brand names, i. e. Harvey Norman, Domayne and Joyce Mayne. As at December 2009, there are 635 Harvey Norman, Domayne and Joyce Mayne franchisees in Australia (Company Profile 2009) As stated in the company profile, the principal activities of the company are embedded in its integrated retail, franchise and property system. The company’s retailing system include sale of furniture, bedding, computers, communications and consumer electrical products online as well as in-store. Within its franchising system, the company provides retailing strategy and marketing techniques in turn for receiving the franchisees fees that are based on sales. Harvey Norman is said to be ‘part retailer, part property-trust’ as the company property holdings account for nearly 50 percent of its total assets (Money manager, 2008). These assets also produce main source of income for the company including regular rental income from the franchisees, and also acting as an investment income where it can successfully develop properties from vacant land to retail complexes. The major benefits of this integrated model enable Harvey Norman to lower the cost of debt financing by securitizing a portion of income-producing property portfolio. This would free up capital and helps to boost returns. In terms of the history development of Harvey Norman, appendix 1 illustrates the important evolvements. It has been one of the dominant leaders of Australian retail industry since 1970s. Based on the business performance of last few decades, Harvey Norman has shown a rapid growth compare to its competitors. Harvey Norman Resources Tangible Resources According to the company’s profile, Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd is one of leading retail chains in Australia, which has franchisors, company-owned stores and properties across the world (Australia, New Zealand, Slovenia, Ireland, Singapore, Malaysia). The franchisees retail products are Electrical, Computers Communications, Small Appliance, Furniture, Bedding Manchester, Home Improvements, Lighting and Carpet Flooring. The company generates its profit both from continuing and discontinued operations, and its main continuing operation comes from the franchises sales in Australia, New Zealand, Slovenia, Ireland, Singapore and Malaysia. The profit also comes from the revaluation increments of properties owned by company in Australia and overseas. Profit from continuing and discontinued operations According to the 2009 Annual Report, the Harvey Norman’s net profit for year comprised of profit from continuing operation and discontinued operation. In 2007, the net profit for year was $407. 5 million, and $324. 10 million of it comes from continuing operation, the other $83. 15 million was from discontinued operation. However, the net profit for financial year 2009 significantly dropped to $214. 35 million compared with $358. 45 million in year 2008. One reason of this decline is the absence of profit from discontinued operation. In 2007, company got discontinued profit $83. 15 million after tax on sale of its controlling interest in Robel Sport Limited, however, there was no profit gain from discontinued operations in 2008 and 2009. The other reasons of decline in profit in 2009 are property revaluation increments and retail operation from New Zealand decreased, expansion in Northern Ireland, and start-up investment cost and trading losses in OFIS in Australia. Profit from property The property owned by company also contributes to profit. It includes investment property in Australia; owned land building in New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia; plant and equipment; and joint venture properties. In 2007, the net revaluation increment before tax minority interests recognized in income statement was $65. 68 million. In 2008, this number was $102. 8 million and $9. 68 million in 2009. The net profit of 2009 declined 40. 2% compared with previous year (Annual Report, 2009) Sales at franchises The franchisee sales revenue increased steadily from 2007 to 2009, from $4. 50 billion to 5. 06 billion (the sales made by franchisees in Australia do not form the consolidated financial results). The franchising operations segment result before tax also increased because of higher franchise fees and lower franchise tactical support based on Annual Report 2009. The sales revenue made by franchisees at overseas increased in 2007 when translated into Australian dollars. The sales revenue from Ireland increased 131. 85% because of new store opened and effective promotion activities. However, there were $9. 52 million and $49. 33 million operation losses in 2008 and 2009 due to economic recession in Europe and other factors, such as difficult UK retail market, worse trading conditions in Ireland and increasing inflation. Moreover, there is no improvement in near future at Ireland franchisees according to management analysis. The economic recession in New Zealand and the devaluation of NZ dollars also resulted in the decrease of franchising operations segment result in New Zealand from $52. 0 million in 2008 to $44. 42 million in 2009. The Asia sales also got negative impact from closure of the export and distribution business in Singapore and Malaysia. However, there was increase in Slovenia retail segment result from $0. 58 million in 2007 to $3. 12 million in 2009 because of increasing brand recognition and appreciation of Euro related to Australian dollars. Sales at company-owned stores The company-owned stores include ‘Harvey Norman’, ‘Norman Ross’ branded company-owned stores in New Zealand, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Singapore, Malaysia, Slovenia and OFIS brand name in Australia. The number of these stores increased from 53 in 2007 to 69 in 2009, and the sales revenue of owned stores also increased from $1,329. 43 million to $1,440. 65 million. However, in New Zealand, one new store branded Norman Ross (discount retailer of electrical computer goods) was opened in December 2007 but closed in June 2008 only after six months operation. And other five OFIS brand stores in Australia were closed in February 2009 after eight months operation. Intangible Resources Pablo Picasso Essay SummaryAlthough there is certain benefits from Harvey Norman unique business model which stem from local franchise-owner management, there is strong disadvantage on competing over a wider national region where it lacks the focus of a single business direction and efficiency of overhead cost allocation. It is thus recommended for Harvey Norman to retain its intangible on local expertise and local management, while at the same time also courting them along with regional leads to participate on collaborative projects and initiatives. The objective of these projects would be to strengthen individual local store manager ties to the whole of Harvey Norman business and encourages them to participate and be involved to act as a business unit. Over time the benefit from closer relationship and interaction between franchisee would allow Harvey Norman as a whole to implement store-wide policies and projects, a more efficient allocation of infrastructure costs, and also act as a cohesive unit like its main competitors while still maintaining its competency on local expertise and local community ties. With this strategy it’s very likely for central management to face initial resistance to change from franchisee, at least during the earlier period of implementation. Despite Harvey Norman’s stellar performance within the Australian market, the same could not be said for its overseas operation where the results are more varied, a case in point is its operation in Ireland where its stores still struggle to produce profit and induce growth. Outside of the familiar Australian market, one of the biggest mitigating factors against Harvey Norman is its lack of brand awareness and customers’ goodwill on international market, it’s brand name ‘Harvey Norman’ does not carry the same weight internationally as it does within Australia. Another mitigating factor is the lack of expertise and local knowledge of management expertise, unlike its local operation Harvey Norman could no longer claim its image as the friendly local retailer with local expertise. With the goal of overseas operation growth in mind, it’s recommended for Harvey Norman to transfer as appropriate some elements from its Integrated Retail, Property and Franchise system and local management expert franchisee strategy as it’s done in Australia to its international operation. With consideration to budget allowance, an aggressive marketing campaign involving local community on overseas operation can be conducted to promote Harvey Norman brand as a global brand with local expertise and involvement. In the long term this campaign will improve overseas customers’ perception of Harvey Norman as a friendly reliable store that contributes to their community. Another good course of action for Harvey Norman strategy on overseas growth is to increase its solicitation to potential franchisee, given the right circumstances Harvey Norman’s integrated franchise system which allow for difference on local management will allow for significant growth at international market while still maintaining the same laissez-faire style of store management as in Australian market. Harvey Norman as a global brand will grow as the number of franchisee increases. Conclusion Harvey Norman has enjoyed continued growth and profitability within Australian market since its establishment on 1982. Attribution to these successes goes beyond the services it provided as consumers discretionary retailers, even more significant is Harvey Norman immeasurable intangible resources on the form of its unique franchise and property structure and off-hand branch management. Under its integrated retail, franchise, and property system Harvey Norman is able to continuously grow while sustaining a healthy cash-flow from its franchisee, those franchisee themselves are given a degree of flexibility on store management and encouraged to involve their local business and communities, which in turn enhance Harvey Norman branding as a reliable and friendly local business. Amid these successes the ecent global financial crisis had lowered consumer discretionary spending confidence which tied directly to the slowing growth and profit within Australian market, and a more adverse effect internationally where Harvey Norman brand carries a weaker effect on a global market. It is thus recommended for Harvey Norman to retain its growth rate both domestic and internationally by leveraging its core strength and competency within its intangible resources, that is its franchise and property system and local management. What can be best improved is to encourage its franchisee management to be closer relationally to headquarter and participate more on store-wide projects possibly by including a major incentive for the local franchisee. A more integrated structure and participation like traditional retail structure will bring the benefit of increased economy of scales and efficiency ideally while also increasing the profit-sharing for individual stores, closer co-operation would also allow Harvey Norman group as a whole to tackle large scale infrastructure project that will bring big dividends over the long term. Appendix Appendix 1 982| Gerry Harvey and Ian Norman sell their stake in the Norman Ross retail chain and set up a new store under the Harvey Norman name. | 1987| Harvey Norman goes public on the Australian Stock Exchange. | 1991| Harvey Norman launches a computer superstore. | 1997| The company opens its first store in New Zealand. | 1998| The Joyce Mayne furniture and appliance chain and Ar chie Martin Vox stores are acquired. | 1999| A joint-venture to enter the Singapore market is founded. | 2001| The company acquires the Electric City chain and rebrands all Singapore stores as Harvey Norman; majority control of Rebel Sport retail chain is gained. 2002| The companys first store in Slovenia opens. | 2003| Harvey Norman opens its first store in Malaysia and first two stores in Ireland. | Source: Harvey Norman Company Profile,2010 References Atkinson, B, 2009, Australia Top 20 Retailers Ranking, Insider retailing, accessed 20 April 2010, ;http://www. insideretailing. com. au/Latest/tabid/53/ID/5551/Australias-top-20-retailer-rankings. aspx; Canavan, G, 2008, Harvey Norman Holding Stocks (HVN), Sydney Morning Herald, accessed 21 April 2010, ;http://www. moneymanager. com. au/articles/2008/06/09/1212863542134. tml; John D. HarveyNorman. com. au Australian Superstore review, Aus Business Review. Accessed 21 April 2010, http://www. ausbusiness. net/review/harveynorman-com-a u-harvey-norman-catalogue/ Richard, D. 2008, â€Å"Why Gerry Harvey is wrong and JB-Hi Fi right† , Smart Office, Accessed 21 April 2010, http://www. smartoffice. com. au/Business/Retail/B6X2M6S2? page=2 Richard D, 2010, Harvey Norman Slammed but don’t Knock Management, Smart House, accessed 30 April 2010, ;http://www. smarthouse. com. au/TVs_And_Large_Display/Industry/U9A3V3C9; Sveiby, K Eric, 1989, The invisible Balance Sheet, accessed 15 April 2010, ;www. sveiby. com/books/DenOsynligaEng. pdf; Sveiby, K Eric, 1997, The â€Å"Invisible† Balance Sheet, accessed 25 April 2010 ;www. sveiby. com/articles/InvisibleBalance. html; Unknown, Harvey Norman Annual Reports 2009, Accessed 20 April 2010, ;http://www. harveynormanholdings. com. au/annualreports. htm; Unknown, Harvey Norman Company Profile 2010, Accessed 21 April 2010, ;http://www. harveynormanholdings. com. au/pdf_files/Company_Profile_2010. pdf; Unknown, Harvey Norman implements automated purchase ordering process, 2010, Transport and Logistics News, Accessed 28 April 2010, ;http://www. tandlnews. com. au/2010/04/16/article/Harvey-Norman-implements-automated-purchase-ordering-process/ETIWEAZKFW; Unknown, Harvey Norman implements automated purchase ordering process, 2010, Transport and Logistics News, Accessed 28 April 2010, ;http://www. tandlnews. com. au/2010/04/16/article/Harvey-Norman-implements-automated-purchase-ordering-process/ETIWEAZKFW; Unknown, Why the Harvey Norman Franchise Operation is Flawed. 009, Every Franchise News, Accessed 27 April 2010 ;http://www. everyfranchise. com/articles/why-the-harvey-norman-franchise-operation-is-flawed-600. htm ; Unknown, JB or Harvey Norman, Whirlpool Forum, accessed 21 April 2010, ;http://forums. whirlpool. net. au/forum-replies-archive. cfm/1413261. html; Wang, F. 2009, Sink or Swim: A critical study of the success of the JB Hi-Fi business model, Ozbankers. com, accessed 22 Ap ril 2010, ;http://ozbankers. com/index2. php? option=com_content;do_pdf=1;id=29; - . 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Wang, F. 2009, Sink or Swim: A critical study of the success of the JB Hi-Fi business model, Ozbankers. com, accessed 22 April 2010, . JB or Harvey Norman, Whirlpool Forum, accessed 21 April 2010,